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Blue Sapphire

Origin: Corundum occurs naturally in a type of rock called igneous rock. In the process of metamorphosis, as these rocks begin to cool, sapphires are formed. The slower the process, the purer and larger the sapphire.

Hardness: 9

Green sapphire

Origin: The green hue comes from the presence of iron (FE) in the corundum. Because of the presence of iron, green sapphire has a higher density than most other sapphires, making the green mineral or sapphire the second densest gemstone known to man. Green sapphire is also known as the stone of tranquility.

Hardness: 9

Yellow sapphire

Origin: Traditional heating is widely used for yellow sapphire and is a process that improves the transparency and color of the stones. Techniques range from simply throwing gems into a fire to cooking to using sophisticated electric or gas ovens at specific pressures and atmospheric conditions. The treatment is permanent and the heated stones require no special care.

Hardness: 9

Pink sapphire

Origin: Traditional heating is widely used for pink sapphire and is a process that improves the transparency and color of the stones. Techniques range from simply throwing gems into a fire to cooking to using sophisticated electric or gas ovens at specific pressures and atmospheric conditions. The treatment is permanent and the heated stones require no special care.

Hardness: 9

Red sapphire

Origin: Traditional heating is widely used for red sapphire and is a process that improves the transparency and color of the stones. Techniques range from simply throwing gems into a fire to cooking to using sophisticated electric or gas ovens at specific pressures and atmospheric conditions. The treatment is permanent and the heated stones require no special care.

Hardness: 9

Orange sapphire

Hardness: 9

Emerald

Origin: Emeralds are formed by hydrothermal processes: the intrusion of magma into existing rocks. The combination of chromium-rich rocks and beryllium-rich rocks allows the formation of emeralds.

Hardness: 7,5 – 8

Ruby

Origin: Ruby is the red variety of the corundum family of minerals, its color is caused by the presence of chromium atoms (2% maximum). Ruby forms underground in rocks rich in silicon and aluminum. The pressure at this depth (between 25 & 50km underground) as well as the temperature allow the formation of ruby.

Hardness: 9

Diamond

Origin: The formation of diamond occurs over millions of years. Volcanic phenomena, subduction zones... High temperature and high pressure are favorable conditions for the crystallization of carbon.

Hardness: 10